Community Practice Essay

Facilitating and obstructing factors for development of learning in clinical practice: a student perspective. Issues and innovations in Nursing Education. Journal of Advanced Nursing 34(1), 43–50; Priest, H. , 2004. Phenomenology. Nurse Researcher 11(4), 4–6; Stockhausen, L. , 2005. Learning to become a nurse: student nurses’ reflections on their clinical experiences. Australian Journal of Nursing 22(3), 8–14). The data were analysed using content analysis techniques, exploring their contextual meaning through the development of emergent themes (Neuendorf, K. A. 2002. The Content Analysis Guidebook. Sage Publications, London). The identified themes related to elements of students’ basic skill acquisition, the development of their working relationships with mentors, patients and others, the learning opportunities offered by community practice placements and the effects that such placements had on their confidence to practice. These themes are discuss ed with regard to the published literature, to arrive at conclusions and implications for future nursing education, practice and research. Author: M. R. Baglin Source: http://www. urseeducationinpractice. com/article/S1471-5953(09)00110-3/abstract Community nursing competencies: a comparison of educator, administrator, and student perspectives. Perceptions of functioning levels of baccalaureate students nearing graduation were assessed, comparing views of 15 educators, 15 health department administrators, and 185 students. A modified list of the 47 essential public health nursing competencies identified through the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Division of Nursing served as the basis for data collection and analyses. Student competencies in individual skills were ranked higher than group and community competencies by all three groups surveyed. Students ranked competencies at higher levels than educators and educators at higher levels than administrators. Although administrators continue to advise new graduates to work in acute care before entering community health, support for continuation of this practice was not observed based on administrator ratings. Author: Nickel JT,  Pituch MJ,  Holton J,  Didion J,  Perzynski K,  Wise J,  McVey B. Source: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/7899221 Enhancing students’ perspectives of health through non-traditional community experiences. The shift in emphasis to community-based health care necessitates that opportunities be provided for nursing students to acquire an understanding of the complex nature of health. A qualitative study was used to demonstrate the benefits accrued by junior baccalaureate nursing students in non-traditional community settings. Key themes that emerged from data analysis included definitions of health and illness as context specific, and environmental factors influencing health. The study demonstrated that learning experiences with diverse communities can broaden students’ perspectives and understanding of health behaviours. Students gained an appreciation of the sociocultural variation in meanings of health and illness as well as of the social and political dimensions of health. Author: Sword W,  Noesgaard C,  Majumdar B. Source: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/8313070 Student Nurse Attitudes Towards Homeless Clients: a challenge for education and Practice The purpose of this research was to describe attitudes of nursing students (and paramedic officers) towards marginalized clients. Convenience quota sampling in a major health faculty was employed. Students participated on a voluntary basis. A 58-item Likert scale, developed by the authors, assessed the student nurses’ attitudes. In general, attitudes towards homeless clients were neutral; detailed analyses, however, revealed that student nurses would decline to care for homeless clients in various situations. Personal experience with homeless patients and positive attitudes of nurses significantly contributed to increased quality of care and equality of treatment for homeless clients. Certain student nurse behaviors warrant immediate attention to prevent marginalized patients from being exposed to unfair, inaccessible and biased nursing care. Based on our results, we recommend that further research attention be paid to the role of ethics education and faculty behaviors, as faculty members serve as role models for professionalization. Zoltan Balogh Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary,  zrinyi_m@freemail. hu,zrinyim@who. int Source: http://nej. sagepub. com/content/11/4/334. abstract Author: Miklos Zrinyi world Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Student Nurses Learn Lessons in Community Health on Tribal Reservations University of Washington School of Nursing students have the unique opportunity to complete a community health rotation on one of two Native American reservations on Washington’s Kitsap Peninsula—the only rural public health clinical offered by the school of nursing. The experience has not only helped students learn about a unique group of people, but also how to relate to any patient population in future community health work. Recently, teams of student nurses were assigned to the Fort Gamble S’klallam reservation and to the Suquamish reservation, focusing on four different projects. One group of students partnered with family services personnel in an obesity prevention program mirroring TV’s â€Å"The Biggest Loser,† in which the person who lost the most weight won a car. Other students developed a nutrition program for an early childhood development center. A third group was involved in educating the staff of an early childhood development center about the prevention of Hepatitis B infections. The remaining group conducted and transcribed interviews with individuals for a community assessment. The goal of the assessment was to understand the community’s perception of its strengths and problem issues and to discover which issues were most important to the community. Author: Megan M. Krischke, Source: http://insightsinnursing. com/2009/07/student-nurses-learn-from-community-immersion/ Foreign studies Foreign nurses can slip into communication  gap According to (marshall 2009) it’s not politically correct — but it’s a frequent complaint of hospital patients in Las Vegas: â€Å"The nurses don’t speak English! The complaint is inaccurate. Foreign nurses working in Las Vegas do speak English. All have passed English language competency exams to become licensed in Nevada. But the complaint also contains an element of truth. More than 15 percent of the Las Vegas nursing workforce is internationally trained, about five times the national averag e of 3. 5 percent, according to an expert at UNLV. Most of these nurses are from Asian countries — the Philippines, India, Japan and Korea. Their English is often heavily accented and they may not understand the nuances of American culture and lingo — which can create challenges for patients and doctors. Xu’s research has shown that foreign nurses have a difficult transition to the American health care system. A study he conducted on Chinese nurses in the United States found they often felt socially isolated and paralyzed by their communication inadequacies. Foreign nurses are also forced to adjust to differences in the job description in the United States, Xu’s research has shown. Asian nurses are accustomed to family members doing tasks like bathing and feeding the patient, and may feel such jobs are beneath their level of education, one of his studies found. Language and communication problems can have a direct effect on the quality of patient care, and on the perceptions patients have of their care, Xu said. An estimated 100,000 people die every year as the result of medical errors in the United States, and communication problems are believed to be a leading cause. Xu said it’s impossible to know how much internationally trained nurses contribute to medical errors because the area is grossly understudied. Author: Marshall Allen Source: http://www. lasvegassun. com/news/2009/mar/10/foreign-nurses-can-fall-communication-gap/ A Study of the Drivers of Commitment amongst Nurses: The Salience of Training, Development and Career Issues According to (McCabe etal 2) this study is to highlight factors influencing the commitment of nurses, and particularly focuses on the role of training, development and career issues. It provides the basis for a HRD framework, outlining policy choices in developing high commitment amongst nursing staff. Design/methodology/approach: The main themes and sub-themes relating to the drivers of commitment and the role of training, development and career issues were identified and explored employing a grounded theory, constant omparative approach. Findings: The main â€Å"fault-line† between nurses and the organization concerned resource management, and the introduction of general management concepts and practices. HRD practitioners should consider using the language and terms of reference familiar to nurses when devising HRD initiatives. Factors positively influencing the comm itment of nursing staff included shared values, involving a sense of â€Å"vocational† commitment towards patient care and nursing. Strong leadership, particularly concerning the role of line management, was seen as important in influencing commitment. Teamwork and support, from both line management and colleagues, was also important. Training and development were highly regarded by nurses, and could be a useful way of recognizing and acknowledging their contribution to health care delivery. Career progression and greater involvement were viewed favourably by some nurses and unfavourably by others. The main issue concerned the possible substitution of nurse practitioner responsibilities with administrative and managerial responsibilities. Research limitations/implications: The findings are solely based on interviews with nursing staff from two NHS organizations. In exploring the various drivers of commitment and the role of training, development and career issues the study’s focus was towards depth, as opposed to breath, of investigation. Practical implications: Valuable information for HRD practitioners and researchers on the drivers of commitment amongst nursing staff and the role played by training, development and career issues is provided. Originality/value: This paper is a useful study on exploring commitment amongst nursing staff and ways in which HRD practitioners and researchers can facilitate and develop commitment. The DoLE official added that while waiting for a chance to be employed overseas, nurses can venture into and already start income generating projects. However, she admitted that the high demand for nurses abroad is a really attractive career to pursue because of its obvious economic returns. Meanwhile, Pineda disclosed that the continuing demand for Filipino nurses overseas is expected to intensify, as the world’s northern countries experience longer lifespans and the graying of their population in the next five to ten years is sure to see the deployment of local nurses. Countries that will continue to offer employment opportunities include the Gulf States in the Middle East such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman,† she said. Further, European countries including the United Kingdom and Ireland will also continue hiring Filipino nurses, even as new markets are emerging in Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Finland and Netherlands. Canada, too, is a new market, while Australia and New Zealand likewise offer

Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 20th Century

In the 20th century, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States that shaped the American Empire. He was a charismatic optimist whose confidence helped sustain the nation during crisis like the Great Depression and World War II. He received overwhelming support from his citizens throughout his four terms in office. President Roosevelt began a new era in American history. Despite an attack of poliomyelitis, which paralyzed his legs in 1921, he established social reforms that gave people a new perspective on government. Government was not only expected to protect the people from foreign invaders, but to protect against poverty and unemployment. Roosevelt had also shown his military and diplomatic skill as the Commander in Chief during World War II. Born in 1882 in Hide Park N. Y, he was raised in a high class family, graduated from Harvard University and received his law degree from Columbia Law School. At age 23 he married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, niece of President Theodore Roosevelt. Even though coming from a privileged childhood, Roosevelt was close to the simple citizen†s aspirations. His New Deal program gave jobs for the workers and his wartime policies protected democracy. In 1932, F. D. R took the Democratic presidential nomination on the fourth ballot with John Nance Garner of Texas as his Vice Presidential running mate. Although there was rough competition during the choosing process, most party leaders were happy with the Roosevelt choice. It would help pull votes from the urban-Eastern region of the country. During the November campaign against Hoover, Roosevelt suggested a few parts of the â€Å"New Deal†. He spoke of relief and public works money. He wanted to develop a plan to cut agricultural overproduction. He was for public power, conservation and unemployment insurance. The repeal of prohibition and stock exchange regulation were also big items on his platform. But he mentioned little about his plans for industrial recovery or labor laws. As much foreign policy experience as he had, he talked very little of it during the campaign. When it came to election day, Roosevelt was the only viable alternative to Hoover, who many blamed for the Great Depression, although critics argue that it was the presidents preceding the Hoover administration. Roosevelt's second election was in 1936. As expected, Roosevelt won by a landslide. This reflected the nation's confidence in the man and his leadership ability. However, the nation still had a long way to go. After another over-all successful term, Roosevelt ran again in 1940. The Republicans based their campaign on the tradition that no President had ever gone for a third term in succession. To counter this, Roosevelt put the spotlight on his administration's achievements. Because of the risky situation abroad, many felt that Roosevelt's expertise was needed if war occurred. The election results against Wendell Willkie were closer than the previous two times. Much of this feeling was based on the idea that it would be a bad thing for the country to change leadership in the middle of the war. Many of the president's advisors felt he would not live through a fourth term, considering his hypertension, and cardiac failure. Because of his condition, the Vice President nomination for the 1944 election was of utmost importance. Roosevelt was persuaded to drop Henry Wallace, whom many regarded as too liberal and emotionally unsuited to be president. Harry Truman of Missouri was chosen to fill the spot. Again, the Republicans argument was term length. No President should serve for 16 years, they declared. The opposing argument by the Democrats was that no country should â€Å"change horses in mid-stream†. The election outcome was even slimmer this time, but Roosevelt still captured a hearty vote. By the time Roosevelt was inaugurated on March 4, 1933, the economic situation was desperate. Between 13 and 15 million Americans were unemployed. Of these, between 1 and 2 million people were wandering about the country looking for jobs. Thousands lived in cardboard shacks called â€Å"hoovervilles†. Panic-stricken people hoping to rescue their deposits had forced 38 states to close their banks. The Depression hit all levels of the social scale, heads of corporations and Wall Street bankers were left begging on the street. Roosevelt's action would be two parted: restore confidence and rebuild the economic and social structure. In one of his addresses, he pushed confidence with his statement, â€Å"the only thing we have to fear, is fear itself† . One of his first steps was to take action upon the bank problem. Because of the Depression, people rushed to the banks to pull their deposits out in return for paper cash and gold. On March 6, 1933, Roosevelt declared a bank holiday that lasted four days. All banks in the nation were closed until the Department of Treasury could examine each one's fiscal situation. Those that were determined to correct their financial condition were allowed to reopen and those who had been badly operated were not allowed. During the Great Depression, 5,504 banks had closed and deposits of nearly $3. 5 billion dollars were lost. Shortly after the President restored confidence in the banks, what is now known as the â€Å"100 days† began on March 9 and ended on June 16, 1933. Franklin Delano Roosevelt began to submit recovery and reform laws for congressional approval. Congress passed nearly all the important bills that he requested, most of them by large majorities. The fact that there was a Democratic Party majority in both houses helped speed things along. What emerged from these100 days was a 3-fold focus, Relief-Recovery-Reform. One of the relief actions was known as the Emergency Relief Act. This established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) that pushed an appropriation of $500 million to be spent immediately for quick relief. Moreover, the Reforestation Act of 1933 helped stop and repair some of the environmental damage that had occurred as a result of the industrial revolution. More importantly, he created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which eventually employed more than 2,5 million men at various camps. Projects included reforestation, road construction, soil erosion and flood control as well as national park development. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was designed to raise crop prices and raise the standard of living for American farmers. Production was cut to increase demand, therefore raising the price. It also gave the president the power to inflate the currency by devaluating its gold content and issue about $3 billion in paper currency. The United States Supreme Court later struck down the AAA as unconstitutional. Another recovery measure was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). It was designed to balance the interests of business and labor and consumers/workers and to reduce unemployment. This act set codes of anti-trust laws and fair competition, as well as setting a new standard: minimum wage. A new idea came about in those 100 days, it was known as the federal corporation. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was the first agency to work much like a private enterprise. The goal of the TVA was to reform one of the poorest parts of the country, the Tennessee River Valley. The TVA was responsible for the construction and management of power plants, dams, electricity, flood control systems and the development of navigation systems. After the initial 100 days, reform continued throughout the first term of the Roosevelt Administration. In Roosevelt's annual address to Congress on January 4, 1935, he outlined phase two of the New Deal, whose main component would be the establishment of the modern welfare system. The federal government would withdraw from the direct relief, leaving it up to state and local governments. This would include social security for the aged, unemployed and ill. Moreover, the farmers were aided by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA). Its goals were to provide electricity to isolated areas where private utility companies did not see it profitable to run lines and set up service. The year of 1935 brought with it numerous reform efforts. These were the final efforts of the New Deal before the nation geared up for war. Included in this was the National Labor Relations Act, whose most important function was to set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which monitored corporations to ensure worker rights and safety. One of the most important and lasting effects of the Roosevelt Administration was his push for the Social Security Act. This was an innovative plan that was supposed to lead to a nation-wide retirement system. Finally, a Revenue Act of 1935 capped off the New Deal with a tax on the rich, and a tax break on the middle class citizens. The Supreme Court was fairly conservative, and attempted to shoot holes in many of Roosevelt's New Deal programs. The Supreme Court even went as far as to strike the entire AAA program down, claiming that it violated state's rights. FDR was infuriated at the actions of the Court. He thought of them as nine old men who were living in days gone by, far too conservative to see the economic and social needs of today. He soon began to plan retribution, however in secrecy. He called upon his staff to write up the Judicial Reform Act of 1937. Essentially, this document alleged that the Judicial Branch of the federal government was overwhelmed. His answer to solve the dilemma was to use his executive power of appointment and place more Justices on the Court. Another section of the Act suggested that at age 70, each Justice would be supplemented with an additional Justice. This meant up to 15 Supreme Court Justices serving at one time. Roosevelt hoped to load the Court with social liberal Democrats who would not oppose his New Deal programs. After a long period of embarrassing debate, the Senate rejected Roosevelt's proposal. This, in turn, caused Roosevelt to reject the Senate. Roosevelt used his diplomatic and military powers in the later part of his administration nearly as much as he used his executive and legislative powers in the first half. At the time Roosevelt took office, the nation was isolationist. When the Great Depression hit in the 1930's, America became even more concerned with its own problems. However, seeing the importance of a global view and seeing the possible impact of World War II, Roosevelt directed the country toward nations abroad. He also withdrew American occupation forces from some Caribbean republics, and settled oil disputes with Mexico. His desire to spread ties across the Western Hemispheres led to trade agreements with Canada and many South American states. Furthermore, Recognition was given to the Soviet government in November of 1933. This was the first attempt at civil relations since the Russian Revolution in 1917. In 1933, for the first time in 16 years, the two nations exchanged representatives. The isolationist school of thought led to the Neutrality Acts of the 1930's. These acts, passed by Congress, prohibited the US from furnishing weapons or supplies to any nation at war. President Roosevelt disliked the fact that these Acts treated all nations the same, whether a country had attacked another or not. Germany†s aggressiveness in 1939 forced Roosevelt to take a tougher stance. On December 11th 1949, the United States declared war to Germany and Italy. With World War II still in progress, the commander in chief was a candidate in the 1944 elections for a fourth time. He won over the Republican Thomas Dewey. The president†s advisors feared that F. D. R might not live through another term. In fact, on April 12 1945, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Despite his physical limitations, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a highly popular president. He shaped the value of the free world and guided his citizens through tumultuous years. ‘ ‘Their Children would live to see the causes for which he stood for prosperity, freedom, economic justice and political democracy† . It can be said that President Roosevelt was a ‘ ‘Founding Father† of the American nation, along with all the other greats of Mount Rushmore.

A Little Cloud typical of Joyces maturity stories Essay Example for Free

‘A Little Cloud’ typical of Joyce’s ‘maturity’ stories Essay ? Refer to themes, language and setting. ‘A Little Cloud’ is the first of the ‘maturity’ stories in Dubliners, preceded by ‘Counterparts’, ‘Clay’ and ‘A Painful Case’. The story is archetypal of Joyce’s style and embraces all the key themes of, class, materialism, escapism and above all the paralysis and struggle of Ireland. The opinion that Ireland is a country lowly in comparison to the rest of Europe is enforced at the beginning of the story when Little Chandler says â€Å"it was something to have a friend like [Gallaher]† because he â€Å"worked for the London press. † The emphasis here is on â€Å"the great city of London† and Little Chandler has immeasurable respect for Gallaher as he has escaped the paralysis of Ireland in favour of this thriving city. The environment Chandler lives in is lacklustre and uninspiring, his writing â€Å"tiresome† the nurses he sees are â€Å"untidy† and the old men dozing on benches are â€Å"decrepit†. When Little Chandler thinks of his situation in Dublin â€Å"a gentle melancholy [takes] possession of him† which he feels â€Å"[is] useless to struggle against†. In ‘A Painful Case’ a number of adjectives are used to convey the environment, such as â€Å"disused†, â€Å"sombre† and â€Å"shallow†. Joyce has subtly emphasised the burden of being a Dubliner and in particular the feeling of restriction which the characters are unwilling to challenge and from which they feel escape would be futile. There are recurring references to the colour brown (not just in the maturity stories) and Maria in ‘Clay’ wears a brown raincoat, thus inadvertently resigning herself to the drab and motionless life of Dublin. Joyce contrasts two worlds in the story; the domestic, insular and paralysed Dublin with the fast-moving, energetic, cosmopolitan London and Europe. Little Chandler desires to belong to the wider, modern world and begins to despise his life with his family in Dublin. By juxtaposing Little Chandler with the successful, exuberant Gallaher, Joyce sets up an antithesis between the two worlds which they represent. The Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 abolished Ireland’s political centre, resulting in Dublin being a city in limbo, without a clear purpose and with a confused identity. This is evident throughout Dubliners, with inhabitants such as Little Chandler and Farrington all feeling trapped by the narrowness of Dublin life. There is a pervasive feeling that to be glamorous, like Ignatius Gallaher, one has to leave Ireland. Little Chandler believes London to be the key to his dreams and that â€Å"if you wanted to succeed you had to go away. You could do nothing in Dublin.† The attitude of Little Chandler to social class is indicated throughout. He encounters children in the slums of North Dublin as he passes on his way to meet his glamorous friend, Gallaher. The children are described as â€Å"a horde†, â€Å"grimy† and populating the street and depicted as vermin who â€Å"crawled† and â€Å"squatted like mice†. Little Chandler, like Duffy in ‘A Painful Case’ feels himself to be â€Å"superior to the people whom he passed†, above the parochial, narrow interests of Dublin. He aspires to be a poet, loved by the more affluent English people. Chandler is shallow and materialistic, obsessed with appearance and class, excited about going to Corless’s because â€Å"he knew the value of the name† and the â€Å"richly dressed ladies† caught his eye. Gallaher says if he ever married, his wife must have â€Å"a good fat account at the bank† otherwise â€Å"she won’t do for me†. If he marries he intends â€Å"to play [his] cards properly† and secure one of the â€Å"thousand of rich Germans and Jews†. He dismisses the sacrament of marriage as just ‘business’ that could go ‘stale’, emphasising the immorality of London. The maturity stories all contain the presence of resentment in the main characters at the inevitable situation they have resigned themselves to living in. Joyce conveys Little Chandler’s anger with a number of adjectives such as â€Å"trembled†, â€Å"burst†, â€Å"convulsively† and â€Å"a paroxysm of sobbing†. His cheeks later â€Å"suffuse† with shame which gives way to â€Å"tears of remorse† at his failure not only to fulfil his dreams but for the resentment he feels towards his family for thwarting his freedom. In ‘Counterparts’ there is an established mood of anger with a â€Å"bell rung†, â€Å"a heavy step† and Farrington’s â€Å"spasms of rage†. Joyce uses the symbol of the ‘little cloud’ as an image of entrapment, not just hope; the little cloud of unhappiness hovering over his marriage to Annie, which restricts him from being the fun-loving bachelor like his idol Gallaher. Joyce incorporates the fantasy and captivation of exoticism and wealth in the ‘dark Oriental eyes’ of the Rich Jewesses. Similar to fantasies of the East Joyce uses alcoholism as a method of ‘escape’ from the stifling lives of the Dubliners and this is particularly prominent in ‘A Little Cloud’. Gallaher states that he â€Å"drinks [his whisky] neat† and that Little Chandler, who drinks very little â€Å"doesn’t know what’s good for [him]†. Sobriety is here seen as the reason why Chandler’s life is so ‘inartistic’ and dreary in comparison to Gallaher’s. Ireland is belittled and viewed as an engaging absurdity by the English when Gallaher says â€Å"they’ve got a great feeling for Ireland† and the English â€Å"were ready to eat [him]† because he was Irish. Little Chandler â€Å"wishes his name was more Irish-looking† so as to endear the British with his book he dreams about publishing in London. This is ironic as Little Chandler’s wishes to flee the restraints of Ireland yet feels dependant on his heritage. The story is highly symbolic of Ireland’s historical state; how the rest of Europe refuses to treat Ireland with respect symbolising Gallaher continually refusing Little Chandler’s invitations to come for supper and to meet his family. Gallaher’s visit gives rise to an epiphany within Little Chandler, a feature Joyce includes in each of his stories, an anti climax when a character realises his escape to be defective. In the ‘maturity’ series it is through the characters own personality flaw they render themselves incapable of escaping the life they constantly bemoan. In ‘A Little Cloud’ Gallaher’s visit evokes â€Å"a dull resentment† within Little Chandler; he was â€Å"useless, useless! A prisoner for life† and he feels acutely the injustice of his life is next to Gallaher’s. Little Chandler believes the only way of escape is if he publishes a book in London, but he cannot complete this because â€Å"the wailing of the child† permanently permeates his ear. Little Chandler projects the resentment he feels at his lack of achievement in comparison to Gallaher, onto his wife and he is â€Å"repelled† by her passionless eyes and fantasises of the â€Å"dark Oriental eyes† of the Jewesses which Gallaher mentioned earlier in Corless’s. Little Chandler begins to feel â€Å"a little disillusioned† and â€Å"Gallaher’s accent did not please him†. London, which Gallaher hitherto represents, is now seen as â€Å"gaudy† and â€Å"vulgar† imprinting itself upon his original â€Å"old personal charm† and his â€Å"vagrant and triumphant life† upsets the â€Å"equipoise of [Chandler’s] sensitive nature†. Little Chandler believes that Gallahers alleged friendliness to him is in fact patronisation just as â€Å"he was patronising Ireland by his visit†. He has been too consumed with his own anger and resentment at his own entrapment and the failure of his own dreams, to see through Gallahers version of an exotic, successful life. In ‘A Painful Case’ Duffy becomes disillusioned with escaping, when â€Å"Mrs Sinico caught up his hand passionately† and similarly Little Chandler begins to wildly question â€Å"Could [I] go to London?†, â€Å"[is] it too late?† But Duffy bids his only distraction from the paralysis of Dublin Mrs Sinico, goodbye and is blatantly scared of commitment. The reunion with a conceited Gallaher reminds Little Chandler of what he hasn’t achieved and he feels resentment which he thus inflicts on those around him. ‘A Little Cloud’ is an evident example of Joyce’s maturity stories in keeping with the aspect that binds them together, the characters’ comprehension that all endeavours to escape are fruitless. Little Chandler and Duffy lacked conviction and ignored the opportunity that was once given to them for escape, something they blame everyone but themselves for. The characters Joyce writes of do not appreciate what they have, mourning instead for what they do not. The Dubliners are, like the city, reluctant to change and yet are embittered by the injustice of their paralysed lives. Duffy does not appreciate until the death of Mrs Sinico, that he will never have a chance of marriage, or to love, through which he could have forgotten the monotony of the city he cannot escape. Congruously, Little Chandler dismisses his family throughout ‘A Little Cloud’ and when his personal epiphany dawns on him he realises his failure to his family, â€Å"his cheeks suffuse with shame† and he cries with â€Å"tears of remorse† as much out of guilt at the egocentric way he has behaved, as for his hopeless venture of escape. ‘A Little Cloud’ typical of Joyce’s ‘maturity’ stories. (2017, Aug 28).

How did America's role in world politics change from 1877 to the Assignment

How did America's role in world politics change from 1877 to the present - Assignment Example Considering the US global political role, World War I and World War II are two important wars which signify changes in the political role played by America. Other than that, America’s policies of sending troops to attack several different countries are also worth mentioning when discussing the US political role. Though America first adopted the policy of neutrality when WWI ensued, the government then soon changed its neutrality policy to open war after aggressive actions taken by Germany in submarine warfare. The hostile actions of destroying American ships taken by German government changed the political role of America in WWI. Next time during WWII, the American government was seen resisting the drawbacks associated with the neutrality policy which was adopted first during WWI. Again, America did not declare a war just like during WWI until stimulated and ignited into participating actively in the war by German armies which brutally attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor and soon after that, war was declared on US by Hitler. This time along with financially helping the British army forces, America joined the British forces and launched a massive attack on the German troops in an order to suppress the atrocious action taken by Hitler (directNIC, 2003). Considering the nature of US foreign policy, (Bellinger III, 2010) claims that there is more continuity than change in the foreign policies of Obama administration, though much debate has occurred on bringing changes and the ways to achieve those changes. The Bush policies against terrorism in countries like Iraq and Afghanistan have continued since the Bush government fell down, in spite of the terrible drawbacks that the American nation has been forced to face both financially and economically as a consequence of these long and futile international

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Not sure - Essay Example This figure appears as a halo or ring around the head of the sanctified. Moreover, in many religious systems we can find some degree of syncretism. Islam and Confucianism are clearly the hardest to syncretize with each other. Indeed they do have certain similarities between them, but still it is more difficult to syncretize the two as compared to Judaism or Buddhism with Confucianism. Confucianism was brought about by K’ung Fu Tzu (Confucius). He travelled all over China and advised the rulers. He usually preached about morals and ethical values, and how political power should be exercised properly. According to Confucianism it is important for a person to have etiquette; he should be righteous; he should act benevolently with everyone and this, Tzu considered to be the most important virtue; there should be love among family members; and lastly, a person should show his loyalty toward his country. All these features are part and parcel of almost every religion, although in varying importance. Every religion teaches one to be good and treat others well too. However, Confucianism focuses only on this aspect of life. Confucianism is not an actual religion with God to pray to. It is basically more of an ethical system that has clarified certain traditions and rituals to be followed at the important periods of one’s life; for instance, birth, maturity, marriage and death. Islam, on the other hand, is a monotheist religion. This means there is one God that the followers of Islam pray and worship. The Muslims believe that He created the universe and He is omnipotent. Islam is, comparatively, a very young religion. Muslims also believe in the previous prophets, Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus, and consider Muhammad to be the last of the prophets of God. However, they do not consider Jesus to be the son of God as it is their belief that God

Parables of a Violent World Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Parables of a Violent World - Article Example Writers such as William Vollmann and others help to accomplish this important goal. McMurphy, the hero of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, is a quintessential individualist. He marches to the beat of his own drum and follows his own direction in life. He refuses to follow orders and seeks out pleasure. He has an irrepressible charm that works on nearly everyone around him. He is also a natural leader in his own way. But McMurphy is not approved of. He is too individualistic and non-conformist. Although he seems American in his self-reliance, in the course of the novel he runs into serious problems from a new, more materialistic, mechanical, conformist America, represented by the institution. The job of the institution, of the anesthetizing culture that currently surrounds us in America, is to repress the irrepressible. Too many outbursts, too many adventures, are bad for business, the institution says. It locks away and neutralizes people like McMurphy who don't fit in properly and h ave no desire to do so (Kesey). This is important to understand in light of what we saw after September 11. After the terrorist attacks there was a call to arms, and also, subsequently, a call to uniformity and conformity. We were asked to march to the beat of the same drum. The president ordered us into Iraq and we were supposed to obey. Those who disagreed had their patriotism questioned. In the administration itself, we saw how people were fired for disagreeing with the president. Times have changed since then. A cultural lull has descended on the country as politics have begun to calm down. Now we have access to endless entertainment much of which is not unlike having a lobotomy. The rise of excessive celebrity culture has been representative of the last few years. Everywhere you look celebrities pose in photographs and behave outrageously on television. There is no content to their actions. In a sense, they are simply a culture anesthetic, designed to lull us into complacency, just as the drugs in Kesey's mental hospital lull the patients into a stupor. The question we must ask ourselves, faced with all of this, is how best to respond? From time immemorial, it has been writers who take a stand against injustice and cultural complacency. Through their work, they skilfully satirize and pick apart the wrongs of the status quo and show us a better way to live. They celebrate the best of what is America and condemn the worst. We can see this in action in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. What we need more than ever, is skillful writers to take on the twin challenges of today: terror and celebrity. One of the writers who is moving in this direction is clearly William Vollmann. This wholly original American writer has been as prolific as the culture in turning out new work. Every year he seems to publish a new book. One of his most stupendous achievements is Rising Up and Rising Down, a multi-volume set of books which studies the role of violence in our world. He re the novelist is leaving behind the fiction in order to pursue social and historical research (Vollmann). We need our writers in this day and age to be grounded in reality. As such, this set of books is a magnificent achievement. Vollmann's work is multifarious, but there are a few elements which can be explored in a simple manner.

Principles of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of leadership - Essay Example Some is derived from brute force, some from moral leadership. The truth is that leadership values of the past can easily be transferred to the present and to the future. Furthermore, leadership principles in one field—for example, politics or the military—can be transferred to another field such as business. A useful book on this subject is called Power Ambition Glory by Steve Forbes and John Prevas. In it they discuss many ideas about leadership and its role throughout history. They talk about how it has changed and how it has remained the same. In this book the authors describe the tactics and travails of a number of people such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Xenophon. These mens lives have lessons for us today but also in a way parallel the lives of some of the most significant business leaders of the 20th and 21st centuries. Business leaders and generals and political leaders all lead high stress lives. Many people depend on them for everything and their decisions have enormous impact. It is therefore very useful to understand what works and what doesnt. The main thing is that leadership values have not changed much over the years and can generally be applied to almost any adventurous scenario. An adventure by nature is an endeavour that involves risk and the potential fo r great loss. In such situations you need a leader by your side to help take care of business. That is the same if you are crossing the Alps to attack Italy or if you are negotiation a big business deal which merge two very large multi-national companies. One of the best things about this book is how it covers so much ground so quickly. It provides an excellent overview of a number of historical periods and places. This part was a very exciting read. I knew little about Xenophon for example and his style of leadership. That was a model which is not often written about. This general style is very important: so many

Asperger's Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asperger's Syndrome - Essay Example In this group of diseases, some individuals have normal or above normal intellectual abilities. These individuals have been termed as having high functioning autism or having Asperger's syndrome (Cumine et al., 1998). Despite high level of intelligence, these affected people will have difficulties in social reciprocations with hazardous personal interactions. The day-to-day life is fraught with problems associated with coping with change due to their patterned behaviour and need of adherence to fixed routines. Asperger's syndrome is unique in this group of disorders in that the social deficits and ritualistic and stereotyped behaviours are identical to autism. The two distinctive features in Asperger's syndrome are that these individuals have relatively normal cognitive skills and hence in the early phase, there are no language delays (Cumine et al., 2000). It is evident this is a complex brain disorder and is often viewed as a part of the autistic spectrum. The teaching staff has im portant roles to perform since the emphasis is on on-task activities. These programmes must have clear goals, which are clear to both the teachers and children (ASPIRE). These goals must be determined and modified according to the needs and capabilities of these children. The educational programmes thus need to be structured with the goal being education. It is expected that these would improve the social and academic competence of these children. Different strategies have been advised that can be accommodated by the teaching staff in these facilities. Many of them have behavioural difficulties which may hamper their learning skills. It is to be noted that traditional behavioural techniques can be adapted in such settings. Other techniques that have successfully used are peer tutoring, cooperative learning groups, social stories, and circle of friends (Dalrymple, 1995). With this background, this writer's personal affiliations may be stated to highlight the need for this assignment. Conclusion Asperger's syndrome is a pervasive autism spectrum disorder which needs to be managed by special teaching skills. Research and literature have indicated more effective strategies for teaching these affected individuals. It is clear from this assignment that effective educative strategies implemented by the teaching staff need adequate supportive attitudes. This support must begin from detailed assessments of these individuals individually. Based on these needs assessments, the teaching professionals would design teaching techniques that are specially adapted. Only these would fail to achieve the goal unless the teachers also demonstrate a change in attitude towards these children. All these must happen in a restructured environment. As evident from the literature reviewed, inclusive placements of these young children can be effective if adequate support structures are in place. Since the basic problem lies in the area of social interaction, input from normal peers in an inclusive env ironment may have immensely beneficial impact on the form of social interactions of these children. The teaching staff may play important roles in these interactions since they can carefully structure and reinforce these interactions. It is also evident that the support system for these children and their teachers is less than adequate. Data

Quality improvement and evolution over the last 10 years in United Essay

Quality improvement and evolution over the last 10 years in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example In addition, suppliers have also recognized that quality acts as a differentiating factor between what they offer and what their competitors offer (Knowles, 2012). In the last ten years, the quality differentiator in the UAE has reduced greatly between competing services and products with the maturation of Quality Management. Organizations in the UAE, as well as other countries in the Middle East, have raised their quality standards through various initiatives to meet customer demands and international standards. Three of the most widely used Quality Management tools include the ISO 9000 series, the Six Sigma, and the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence, especially for organizations with American business connections like Sheikh Khalifa Medical City. By the, late 1990s, Quality Management had become a mainstay in most organizations and those in the UAE were not an exception. With the beginning of the 21st century, there was a maturity of the quality movement in the UAE, whic h saw evolution of new systems of quality beyond the foundations laid by early Oriental practitioners like Japan. One example of this maturation was the revision of the ISO 9000 series of international standards that increased client satisfaction emphasis (Knowles, 2012). The ISO 9001:2000 was integrated by UAE organizations to replace the earlier ISO 9003, ISO 9002, and ISO 9001. This version sought to centralize the process management process, while demanding the involvement of executive management in the integration of business systems quality. It also sought to ensure that quality functions were not delegated to junior managers. Performance-metrics was another goal of the improvement. Another improvement was made in 2008 with ISO 9001:2008, which clarified the requirements that were in existence (Knowles, 2012). The Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence has also matured in the UAE for organizations that run in partnership or are owned by US. This quality standard serves v arious purposes; including aiding organizations in assessing efforts ate quality improvement and identification of improvement opportunities, facilitating information sharing and communication, and as a tool for performance and quality management (Knowles, 2012). The standard’s integrated approach seeks to ensure that organizations deliver improving stakeholder and customer value, as well as improved capabilities and effectiveness of the organization. This quality standard added healthcare to original organization categories in 2005. Finally, the Six Sigma methodology is a quality standard whose main aim is to reduce defects and improve the bottom line. It uses data to achieve quality that is near-perfect and has evolved greatly in the last 20 years. In the last 10 years alone, it has matured to include consultancy, training, and implementation of the tool as a methodology, a metric, and a management system (Knowles, 2012). These quality initiative movements have had various successes with regards to their effectiveness. They allow organizations to strengthen their position competitively, while also offering the organizations adaptability to conditions in changing markets and regulations by the government, especially in the UAE where q number of organizations are foreign-owned. In addition, on top of increasing organizational productivity, they enhance the image of those that use them in the public eye,